Knowledge to graphite  1

Names of sources: from Greek "graphein", meaning "to write." By the German chemist and Kuangwuxuejia AG Werner named in 1789;
Chemical composition: pure ingredients are minimal, often with various impurities;
Categories: natural elements - non-metallic element - carbon communities
Crystal and space group: six-party crystal, P63/mmm;
Cell parameters: a0 = 0.246nm, c0 = 0.670nm;
Description: Single Crystal Chang Cheng sheet or plate, but the integrity of the rare. Aggregates usually scale-like, massive and Tuzhuang;
Color: black iron;
Streak: Bright black
Transparency: opaque
Luster: a semi-metallic luster
Hardness :1-2
Cleavage and fracture: a completely parallel cleavage;
The proportion of :2.21-2 .26 g/cm3
Other nature: a flexible thin, slippery sense, easy polluter hand, has a good conductivity;
Identification of characteristics of black iron, hardness low, a group of very complete cleavage, and with a sense of slippery hands;
Causes and occurrence: Graphite is formed under high temperature. Graphite is the most widely distributed of metamorphic deposits of organic or carbon-rich from the sedimentary rocks of the regional metamorphism from;

Main purpose: graphite in a wide range of industrial uses, for the production of high-temperature smelting crucible, machinery industrial lubricants, production and electrode pencil core; widely used in metallurgical industry, senior refractories and coatings, materials and stability of the Military Industrialization fire Agents, the light pencil batteries, brushless electric industry, the industrial battery electrodes, chemical fertilizers and other industrial catalysts. After processing flake graphite, graphite can produce milk, graphite sealing materials and composite materials, graphite products, additives such as graphite mill by high-tech products, the industrial sector to become an important non-metallic mineral raw materials

Graphite new use:
With the continuous development of science and technology, people of graphite also developed a number of new uses.
Flexible graphite products. Flexible Graphite also known as the expansion of graphite, is the development of a new graphite products.
In the United States successfully flexible graphite sealing materials, to resolve the nuclear valve leakage problems, then Germany, Japan, France also
Started to develop production. This is in addition to natural products with the characteristics of the graphite, but also has a special flexible and elastic.
Therefore, it is an ideal sealing materials. Widely used in the petrochemical industry, atomic energy, and other industrial fields. International market demand
Volume year on year growth.

Famous Origin: New York Ticonderoga, Madagascar and Ceylon, China's Jixi City in Heilongjiang Liu Mao was the largest origin.

- Graphite, "flying" a diamond
Diamond filed, people will think of dazzling, flashing a dazzling scene, with its owner's activities and full light. But its expensive price, most people can only be deterred. Nevertheless, people are still longing for the diamonds. Do you know what? Diamond » It is the chemical composition of carbon (C), natural diamond is a diamond can be known after pondering that "diamonds." Natural diamonds are very scarce, the world's weight of more than 1,000 kt (1 g = 5 carats) only two of diamonds, more than 400 karats of diamonds only tablets, found in China so far the largest diamond-158.786 kt, "Chang-Lin Diamond."物以稀为贵, because to do "diamonds" with the natural diamond is very rare, people wanted to "artificial" diamond to replace it, which naturally thought of Diamond's "twin" brother - a graphite.

Diamond and graphite are the chemical composition of carbon (C), "the contour of the same body." From this call can know that they have the same "quality", but "shape" or "sex" is different, and there is poles apart from, Diamond is the most hard material, and the graphite is one of the most soft material.

The hardness of diamond and graphite differences so great, but people still hope that the method can be used to obtain synthetic diamond because of the nature of graphite (carbon) possession of a very rich. However, if the carbon graphite into diamond, as with carbon, is not so easy. Graphite atmospheric pressure in the 5-6 million ((5-6) × 103MPa) and 1,000 to 2,000 degrees Celsius under high temperature, reusable metal iron, cobalt, nickel, and so do catalyst, can graphite into diamond.

At present the world have more than 10 countries (including China) are synthesized diamond. However, such as diamond particles are small and mainly used to do is abrasive, for cutting and geology, the oil used in the drilling bit. Currently, the world diamond consumption, 80 percent of the synthetic diamond is mainly used for industrial, and its output far exceeds the output of natural diamond.

Synthesis of the first black diamond particles, 0.5 mm size, weighing about 0.1 kt (for the gem diamond general minimum can not be less than 0.1 carats). Today, China developed the diamond particles of more than 3 mm, the United States, Japan and other manufactured 6.1 Kela Duo of the diamond. We said in the diamond from graphite "fly" out of synthetic diamond gem in the near future will also supply in the market.